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Tech Tree — Lighting
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Tier 1
Raw Materials
15 nodes
7104.90
Sapphire Ingot
Synthetic sapphire boules grown via Kyropoulos method for LED substrate slicing
8112.92
Gallium Metal
High-purity gallium refined from bauxite residues for GaN epitaxy
8112.92
Indium Metal
Refined indium ingots used in InGaN quantum well layers for blue and green LEDs
3206.50
Phosphor Powder
YAG cerium-doped phosphor powder that converts blue LED light to white
8101.99
Tungsten Wire
Drawn tungsten filament wire for incandescent and halogen lamp production
7408.11
Copper Wire
Refined copper wire for lamp wiring harnesses and transformer windings
7601.20
Aluminum Slug
Aluminum alloy slugs cold-forged into heat sink bodies for LED luminaires
7002.20
Borosilicate Glass Tube
Drawn borosilicate glass tubing for fluorescent and discharge lamp envelopes
7011.10
Soda-Lime Glass Bulb
Blown soda-lime glass envelopes shaped for A-type and globe lamp bulbs
3907.30
Epoxy Resin Encapsulant
Optical-grade epoxy resin for encapsulating LED dies and protecting wire bonds
3910.00
Silicone Lens Compound
High-transmittance silicone compound molded into secondary optics for LEDs
7002.20
Quartz Tube
Fused quartz tubing that withstands high temperatures in halogen lamp capsules
3920.61
Polycarbonate Sheet
Extruded polycarbonate sheets used as light diffuser panels in LED fixtures
8505.19
Ferrite Core
Mn-Zn ferrite cores for high-frequency transformers in LED driver circuits
3403.99
Thermal Interface Paste
Thermally conductive silicone paste applied between LED modules and heat sinks
Tier 2
Processing
15 nodes
8541.49
LED Epitaxial Wafer
GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial wafers with quantum well structures for LED chip fab
8541.41
LED Chip Die
Diced and tested bare LED dies ready for packaging onto lead frames
8541.41
SMD LED Package
Surface-mount LED packages with phosphor coating for mid-power lighting
8541.41
COB LED Module
Chip-on-board LED arrays bonded directly to aluminum substrate for high lumen output
8542.33
LED Driver IC
Constant-current driver ICs that regulate power delivery to LED strings
8504.40
LED Driver Module
Enclosed AC-DC constant-current power supply modules for LED luminaires
8504.10
Electronic Ballast
High-frequency electronic ballasts for fluorescent and HID lamp operation
7616.99
Aluminum Heat Sink
Extruded or die-cast aluminum heat sinks that dissipate heat from LED modules
8534.00
Lighting PCB
Metal-core or FR4 printed circuit boards designed for LED chip mounting
8536.61
Lamp Holder Socket
E27, E14, GU10 and other standard lamp sockets for bulb connection
8310.00
Reflector Cup
Anodized aluminum or metallized plastic reflectors that shape lamp beam angles
3926.90
Light Diffuser Panel
PMMA or PS diffuser plates that scatter LED point sources into uniform illumination
9405.41
LED Light Strip
Flexible PCB strips populated with SMD LEDs for accent and cove lighting
8539.31
Fluorescent Tube Assembly
Phosphor-coated glass tubes with electrodes and mercury fill, pre-assembled
8539.21
Halogen Capsule
Compact quartz halogen capsules with tungsten filament for spot and flood lamps
Tier 3
Consumer Products
20 nodes
8539.50
LED Bulb A60
Standard A60 shape LED bulb with E27 base for general household illumination
8539.50
LED Candle Bulb
Decorative candle-shaped LED bulb with E14 base for chandeliers and sconces
8539.50
LED Tube T8
T8 retrofit LED tube that replaces fluorescent tubes in office and retail ceilings
9405.42
LED Panel Light
Edge-lit or back-lit flat panel luminaire for suspended ceiling grid installation
9405.42
LED Downlight
Recessed ceiling-mounted LED downlight for offices, hotels, and retail spaces
9405.42
LED Track Light
Adjustable spotlight mounted on electrified track rail for retail display lighting
9405.42
LED High Bay Light
High-lumen LED fixture for warehouse, factory, and gymnasium ceiling mounting
9405.42
LED Street Light
Pole-mounted LED luminaire with optical lens array for roadway illumination
9405.42
LED Flood Light
Wide-beam LED projector for building facade, sports field, and area lighting
9405.42
LED Garden Light
Decorative post-top LED luminaire for parks, pathways, and residential gardens
9405.42
Solar Garden Light
Self-contained solar-powered LED garden stake with integrated battery and panel
9405.42
Solar Street Light
All-in-one solar LED street light with lithium battery and motion sensor
9405.42
LED Pendant Light
Suspended LED pendant luminaire for dining rooms, lobbies, and kitchen islands
9405.42
Crystal Chandelier
Multi-arm chandelier with crystal prisms and LED or incandescent lamp holders
9405.21
LED Desk Lamp
Adjustable-arm LED desk lamp with dimming and color temperature control
9405.42
LED Emergency Light
Battery-backed LED emergency luminaire that activates during power failure
8539.50
Smart LED Bulb
Wi-Fi or Zigbee connected LED bulb with app-controlled color and brightness
8537.10
Smart Lighting Controller
DALI or Zigbee gateway that manages scheduling and dimming of connected luminaires
8539.49
UV Germicidal Lamp
UV-C mercury or LED lamp for air and surface disinfection in hospitals and HVAC
9405.42
LED Grow Light
Full-spectrum LED fixture optimized for photosynthesis in indoor farming